Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurement: Participants will undergo non-invasive ocular ultrasound measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter at five predefined time points: preoperatively, 10 minutes after spinal anesthesia, at the end of surgery, at postoperative 24 hours, and at postoperative 48 hours.
Study summary
Some patients develop headache after spinal anesthesia used during cesarean section. This condition is called post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). Early identification of patients at risk may improve patient care.
This study evaluates whether optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), measured using a non-invasive bedside ocular ultrasound technique, can help predict the development of PDPH.
Participants undergoing cesarean section with spinal anesthesia will undergo ONSD measurements at predefined perioperative time points. Participants will be followed postoperatively for the occurrence of headache.
The findings may help improve early recognition and management of PDPH.
Eligibility
Sex
FEMALE
Min age
18 Years
Max age
45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Women aged 18 to 45 years
* Singleton pregnancy
* Planned cesarean section (elective or emergency due to fetal indications)
* Spinal anesthesia planned for the procedure
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II-III
* Normal coagulation parameters (INR less than 1.5, platelet count greater than 100,000/mm³)
* Ability to provide written informed consent and cooperate with study procedures
Exclusion Criteria:
* Known ophthalmologic diseases affecting the optic nerve or retina (e.g., glaucoma, optic atrophy)
* Active eye infection or recent ocular surgery
* Known intracranial pathology affecting cerebrospinal fluid dynamics (e.g., intracranial mass, hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension)
* History of stroke or subarachnoid hemorrhage
* Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy such as preeclampsia or eclampsia
* Contraindications to spinal anesthesia (e.g., coagulopathy, anticoagulant therapy, infection at puncture site)
* Allergy to local anesthetics
* Conversion to general anesthesia due to failed or inadequate spinal block
* Presence of moderate or severe preoperative headache or active primary headache disorders such as migraine
Primary outcome measure(s)
Association Between Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measurements and Post-Dural Puncture Headache — Within 48 hours after spinal anesthesia Assessment of the association between optic nerve sheath diameter measurements and the development of post-dural puncture headache.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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