This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effect of glycemic control level on intraoperative cerebral oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and postoperative recovery in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing elective urologic surgery under general anesthesia.
Patients will be grouped according to HbA1c levels to assess the relationship between long-term glycemic control and intraoperative regional cerebral oxygen saturation, hemodynamic parameters, and postoperative recovery scores.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
18 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age ≥18 years
* Patients scheduled for elective urologic surgery under general anesthesia
* ASA physical status I-III
* Patients with diabetes mellitus or non-diabetic control patients
* Availability of preoperative HbA1c measurement
* Written informed consent obtained
Exclusion Criteria:
* Age \<18 years
* ASA physical status \>III
* Emergency surgery
* History of cerebrovascular disease or neurological disorder
* Previous brain or neurological surgery
* Inability to communicate or refusal to participate
* Intraoperative hemodynamic instability
* Inadequate NIRS monitoring data
Primary outcome measure(s)
Change in Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation (rSO2) — Intraoperative period (from anesthesia induction to extubation) Regional cerebral oxygen saturation measured intraoperatively using near-infrared spectroscopy and compared between groups according to HbA1c level.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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