The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of metabolic markers (HOMA-IR, triglyceride/HDL ratio, HbA1c, waist and hip circumference measurements, BMI, etc.) on pain and central sensitization in patients diagnosed with lipedema. The primary objective is to investigate the association between metabolic markers and central sensitization. The secondary objective is to assess the relationship between metabolic markers and pain intensity, pain phenotype, and functional status.
Eligibility
Sex
FEMALE
Min age
18 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Being female and aged 18 years or older
* Having chronic pain persisting for at least 3 months
* Having sufficient cognitive ability to understand and respond to the assessment scales used in the study
* Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study and providing written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
* Presence of a history of malignancy, active infection, inflammatory rheumatic disease, or severe systemic disease
* History of known neurological disorders (e.g., stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy)
* Diagnosis of severe psychiatric disorders (e.g., psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder)
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Presence of cognitive impairment or communication difficulties that could affect the study results
* Diagnosed diabetes mellitus
* Active thyroid disease (uncontrolled hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism)
* Cushing's syndrome or other significant endocrine disorders
* Use of antidiabetic medications
* Use of lipid-lowering therapy (e.g., statins, fibrates)
* Systemic glucocorticoid use within the past 3 months
* Use of medications that may significantly affect central pain mechanisms (e.g., high-dose opioids, antipsychotic drugs)
* History of major surgery or invasive treatment for pain within the past 3 months
Primary outcome measure(s)
Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) — At baseline The Central Sensitization Inventory is a self-report screening tool developed to assess the presence and severity of symptoms associated with central sensitization. The inventory evaluates symptoms reflecting sensitization in central nervous system pain-processing mechanisms, including widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive complaints. The CSI consists of 25 items, each scored on a scale from 0 to 4, with a total score ranging from 0 to 100. A total score of 40 or higher is considered to be associated with a high likelihood of central sensitization.
Trial sites (1)
Facility
City
Region
Status
Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Pendik Training and Research Hospital
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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