The goal of this observational study is to investigate the impact of metabolic comorbidities on outcomes in elderly Chinese adults, through two parallel sub-cohorts: one comprising elderly individuals without chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline, and one comprising elderly patients with established CKD.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Do metabolic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, calcium-phosphorus disorders) increase the risk of incident CKD, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and all-cause mortality in elderly individuals without CKD at baseline? What are the optimal diagnostic thresholds and criteria for CKD in the elderly population? How do metabolic comorbidities affect long-term outcomes - including all-cause mortality, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and cardiovascular events - in elderly patients with established CKD? What is the comorbidity profile and disease burden of elderly CKD patients in China?
Participants in both sub-cohorts will:
Undergo baseline assessments including laboratory tests and clinical evaluations.
Provide longitudinal follow-up data through scheduled clinic visits and medical record linkage.
Contribute to a large-scale cohort of 100,000 elderly participants across multiple centers in China.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
65 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
For Sub-cohort 1, the inclusion and exclusion criteria are as follows:
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Baseline age ≥ 65 years.
2. Availability of baseline data on serum creatinine and at least one urinary protein measurement.
3. Urinary protein measurements include: UACR, UPCR, 24-hour urine protein quantification, and urine protein dipstick test.
4. Baseline date requirement: Between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2025.
5. Follow-up requirement meeting at least one of the following: At least one serum creatinine measurement with an interval of ≥ 6 months after baseline. Occurrence of a primary endpoint event (new-onset CKD).
Exclusion Criteria:
Presence of CKD at baseline, defined as: Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 ml/(min·1.73m²) or positive urine protein; or the presence of an ICD-10 diagnostic code for CKD in medical records.
For Sub-cohort 2 (CKD Patients), the inclusion and exclusion criteria are as follows:
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Baseline age ≥ 65 years.
2. Meeting the diagnostic criteria for CKD: Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 ml/(min·1.73m²) or urine protein (UACR ≥ 30 mg/g); or based on ICD-10 codes.
3. Baseline date requirement: Between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2025.
4. Follow-up requirement meeting at least one of the following:
Occurrence of a primary endpoint event (mortality, ESRD); At least one serum creatinine measurement with an interval of ≥ 6 months after baseline.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) at baseline (eGFR \< 15 ml/(min·1.73m²), or prior receipt of kidney transplant or dialysis), based on ICD codes).
2. Diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) within the preceding 3 months.
3. New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure or occurrence of acute myocardial infarction within the preceding 6 months.
4. Child-Pugh Class B or C liver cirrhosis.
5. Malignant neoplasm.
Primary outcome measure(s)
incident CKD — through study completion, an average of 1 year For Sub-cohort 1 in Elderly Adults without CKD at Baseline, the primary outcome is incident CKD, which is defined as glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 ml/(min·1.73m²) or positive urine protein; or the presence of a clear ICD-10 diagnostic code for CKD in medical records.
All-cause mortality — From date of enrollment until death from any cause, assessed up to 5 years
Progression to ESRD. — From date of enrollment until progression to ESRD or death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to 5 years
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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