Non-pharmacological Auditory and Somatosensory Stimulation in Anesthetic Emergence

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Verbal Stimulation: Patients will wear headphones connected to a voice playback device that delivers pre-recorded verbal stimuli. Each voice message will last approximately 3 seconds, with a speech rate of 200-300 ms per character, and the volume will be set at a normal speaking level (60 dB). After each playback, there will be a 10-second interval before the next repetition, and the verbal stimulus will be played three times per intervention cycle.If the patient shows no eye opening or clear response, the standard verbal stimulation procedure will be repeated after a 3-minute interval, until a response is observed.

Shoulder Tapping: No audio will be played through the patient's headphones. Upon discontinuation of anesthetic agents, the investigator will begin tapping the patient's left shoulder. All operators will receive standardized training to ensure procedural consistency. The tapping frequency will be 2 taps per second, i.e., six taps within 3 seconds, paced using a metronome to maintain rhythm uniformity. Each tapping event (six taps over 3 seconds) will last 3 seconds, followed by a 10-second interval before the next tapping event.

Shoulder Shaking: No audio will be played through the patient's headphones. Upon discontinuation of anesthetic agents, the investigator will begin gently shaking the patient's left shoulder.All investigators will undergo standardized training to ensure consistency of operation. Each shaking event (three shakes within 3 seconds) will last 3 seconds, followed by a 10-second interval before the next shaking event. Each intervention cycle will include three shaking events.

Study summary

This study intends to employ verbal stimulation, tactile stimulation, and kinetic stimulation as interventions during the emergence phase from general anesthesia to facilitate recovery.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Time to first eye opening — Perioperative
  defined as the interval from discontinuation of anesthetic agents to the moment the patient opens both eyes in response to a verbal command and is able to keep them open for at least 5 seconds.

Trial sites (1)

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