Ultrasound-guided Thermal Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules

Inclusion Criteria: 1. confirmation of benign nodule status on two separate fine- needle aspiration or core-needle biopsy 2. no suspicious malignant features on ultrasound examination 3. report of cosmetic and/ or symptomatic problems or concern of nodules growing rapidly or malignant transformation 4. refusal or ineligibility for surgery 5. follow-up time ≥12 months Exclusion Criteria: 1. follicular neoplasm or malignancy findings on biopsy 2. nodules with benign result on biopsy had suspicious of malignancy in US 3. patients with contra-lateral vocal cord paralysis 4. previous radiation to the head and neck 5. follow- up time less than 12 months