Virtual RealityPostpartum Depression (PPD)Kynurenine Pathway and Its MetabolitesPregnancySatisfaction
Study summary
The research will be conducted as a prospective, observational, and comparative study with 98 pregnant volunteers aged 18-45 at Düzce University Faculty of Medicine. Participants will be divided into a VR group and a control group. Data will be collected using STAI-I, EPDS, NRS scales, and biochemical analyses (tryptophan, kynurenine, etc.).
Upon completion, the project is expected to contribute to non-pharmacological approaches and new care protocols for reducing postpartum depression.
Eligibility
Sex
FEMALE
Min age
18 Years
Max age
45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section
* Age between 18 and 45 years
* ASA physical status I-II
* No contraindication to spinal anesthesia
* Accepted for VR equipment usage during operation.
* Signed written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
* Anticipated need for postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission
* History of psychiatric or neurological disease
* Visual or auditory impairment
* Severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome
* Perinatal loss (postpartum neonatal death)
* History of convulsions or epilepsy
Primary outcome measure(s)
Change in Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) — up to 6 weeks The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) will assess depressive symptoms related to the peripartum period. Measurements will be obtained preoperatively and after the intraoperative VR application. Changes in EPDS scores (numbers 0-30 ) will help determine whether VR reduces depressive affect during the surgical experience.
Change in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-I) score — up to 6 weeks The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-I) score ( number 16-80) will be used to assess changes in acute anxiety levels in pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Scores will be recorded immediately before the intraoperative VR intervention and again during the procedure. A reduction in STAI-I score following VR exposure will indicate decreased anxiety.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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