Development of the Photographic Shoulder Scale

Condition(s) studied

Study summary

Shoulder pain is a common cause of musculoskeletal complaints that affects home and work activities, as well as quality of life. It is the third most common musculoskeletal issue after spinal and knee pathologies. The prognosis for individuals with shoulder pain can vary, with approximately 50% still reporting symptoms six months after seeking primary care. In addition to pain, functional limitations can occur, interfering with work, hobbies, and social or sports activities. A large group of patients report persistent shoulder pain with a high rate of sick leave. As a result, the total economic cost associated with shoulder pain also becomes a significant concern.

The most frequently reported clinical pathologies associated with chronic shoulder pain are rotator cuff disorders, adhesive capsulitis, and glenohumeral osteoarthritis, which collectively constitute the largest portion of all shoulder pain pathologies. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are often used to assess functional loss and disability in patients. These outcome measures provide evidence about patients' perceptions of treatment and offer data on the long-term effectiveness of interventions. For this purpose, many shoulder-specific questionnaires have been developed.

Developing a tool that uses photographs representing activities to measure how much patients struggle with daily life activities could be an important alternative for shoulder patients. An example of such a scale is the Photograph Series of Daily Activities-Short Electronic Version (PHODA-SeV), which was developed for low back pain. A different photographic scale has also been developed to assess avoidance behavior in patients with shoulder pain. Similarly, developing a specific photographic scale to assess daily life activities in patients with shoulder pain could be useful in clinical practice, as it would help patients better understand the scope of the questions.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Photographic Shoulder Scale — 1 day
  In the rehabilitation of the upper extremity musculoskeletal system, a 4-person team consisting of physiotherapists and orthopedists with theoretical and practical experience has prepared 30 activities consisting of movements commonly used in daily life. The team asked 3 specialists, "How important do you think it is to ask patients with shoulder pain about this activity?" and removed activities that the specialists deemed inappropriate, resulting in 16 activities. Photos were taken for these activities, and a scale consisting of 16 photos was applied as a pilot test to a group of 15 patients with shoulder pain. A question was asked, "Does this photo represent the activity as described?" Feedback on the topic was gathered. A scale was also added for pain assessment, using a rating from 0 to 10. The designed scale consists of two sections: the first section assesses pain, and the second section contains photo-based questions measuring daily life activities.

Trial sites (1)

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