The Asia-Pacific Mitral & Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve/Valve-in-Ring Registry (AP ViV Registry)

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 21 2. Had at least one documented Mitral valve-in-valve/valve-in-ring procedure done during the period of 1 Jan 2023 to current date. (Retrospective) OR Planned to undergo a Mitral valve-in-valve/valve-in-ring procedure. (Prospective) OR Had at least one documented Tricuspid valve-in-valve/valve-in-ring procedure done during the period of 1 Jan 2023 to current date. (Retrospective) OR Planned to undergo a Tricuspid valve-in-valve/valve-in-ring procedure. (Prospective) Exclusion Criteria: 1. Active endocarditis 2. Any other conditions which investigator deems unsuitable for participation.