The goal of this observational study is to explore early cognitive changes in patients aged 70 years or older undergoing same-day discharge after hip or knee replacement surgery. The main question it aims to answer is:
Does patients experience cognitive changes in cognitive test performance from before surgery to the first day after surgery?
Participants will:
* Complete a cognitive test battery virtually about 14 days before surgery, and on the first and seventh day after their operation.
* Record pain levels and pain medicine use during the first week after surgery
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
70 Years
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion Criteria:
* Unilateral elective primary Total Hip Arthroplasty, Total Knee Arthroplasty, or Unicompartmental Knee
* Native Danish speaker
* Spinal anesthesia
Exclusion Criteria:
* Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent
* Inability to comply with virtual study procedures or follow-up sessions, including because of visual or hearing impairment
* Known dementia or other diagnosed cognitive disorders or Brief Assessment of Impaired Cognition (BASIC)≤20
* Parkinson's disease or other neurological conditions causing functional impairment
* History of alcohol abuse (≥35 units per week)
* Daily use of anxiolytics or hypnotics
* Not discharged on the day of surgery
Primary outcome measure(s)
Change in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) score from baseline to postoperative day 1. — From baseline, 14 days before surgery, and postoperative day 1. The SDMT is a validated neuropsychological tool that measures processing speed, attention, and visual scanning. The SDMT will be administered virtually as an oral 90-second test. The primary metric will be the SDMT score, defined as the number of correct digit substitutions completed within 90 seconds
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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