The goal of this observational study is to learn about the relationship between disease activity and oral health status in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The main question it aims to answer is:
Is disease activity associated with oral health in children with JIA? Do children with active disease have poorer oral health compared to those in clinical remission? Participants already receiving routine rheumatology care for JIA will undergo a single study visit. At that visit, disease activity will be assessed, an oral health examination will be performed, and saliva samples will be collected. Based on the disease activity assessment, participants will be classified into two groups: those with active disease and those in remission. Oral health measures and saliva-related parameters will be compared between the two groups.
This study is expected to provide preliminary evidence to help identify JIA children at higher risk of oral health problems and to support the integration of oral health evaluation into comprehensive JIA management.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
6 Years
Max age
16 Years
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
* Children aged 6 to 16 years.
* Diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification criteria, excluding the systemic-onset subtype.
* For the active disease subgroup, all of the following must be met:
1. Presence of active arthritis as determined by the attending rheumatologist;
2. Planned initiation or adjustment of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologic agents within 1 month after enrolment;
3. Meeting the following disease activity criterion: JADAS-27 score \> 1. For the remission subgroup, the following must be met: JADAS-27 score ≤ 1 and clinically stable disease.
* Able to cooperate with oral examination and saliva sample collection.
* Written informed consent provided by a legal guardian, with assent obtained from the child.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Use of systemic antibiotics within 3 months prior to enrolment, or use of mouthwash containing antibiotics, corticosteroids, or chlorhexidine within 1 month prior to enrolment.
* Diagnosis of other autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome), chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), diabetes mellitus, congenital heart disease, or other systemic conditions that may affect the study outcomes.
* Presence of acute infection at the time of sampling or examination (e.g., body temperature \> 37.5°C, upper respiratory tract infection, acute oral infection).
* Significant cognitive or behavioural impairment that prevents cooperation with study procedures.
* Ongoing or planned orthodontic treatment within the next 6 months.
Primary outcome measure(s)
Oral Health Status — At baseline, during a single routine outpatient visit immediately after written informed consent is obtained. A comprehensive oral health examination is conducted by trained dentists in accordance with the World Health Organization Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods. The examination covers dental hard tissue status, periodontal soft tissue status, oral hygiene status, oral mucosal assessment, and oral health-related behaviours. For dental caries assessment, each tooth is visually and tactilely examined under standardised lighting, and indices are calculated for permanent and primary dentition as appropriate. Periodontal status is evaluated using standardised probes to assess gingival bleeding and pocket depth. Oral hygiene is assessed following WHO recommendations; prior to evaluation, a disclosing agent is applied to tooth surfaces to visualise plaque, enabling standardised scoring of debris and calculus on representative surfaces. The oral mucosa is inspected for any soft tissue abnormalities. Oral health behaviours, including toothbrushing habits, dietary practices, and dental attendance.
Trial sites (1)
Facility
City
Region
Status
Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Lujiazui Campus, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Shanghai
Pudongxinqu
Recruiting
More Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine trials in China
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
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