Analysis of Efficacy and Outcomes of Immunotherapy for Malignant Tumors: A Prospective Non-interventional Clinical Study

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 18 years; 2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed malignant tumor; 3. Planned to receive immune checkpoint inhibitor (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor)-based therapy (monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy/targeted therapy/radiotherapy, etc.); 4. At least one measurable lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1); 5. Adequate organ function (with reference to laboratory tests such as complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests); 6. Voluntary participation in this study, signed informed consent, and willingness to comply with follow-up. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapy (physiological doses of glucocorticoid replacement therapy or inhaled steroids are permitted); 2. Active, uncontrolled severe infection, or known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 3. Pregnant or breastfeeding women; 4. Any unstable systemic disease (including but not limited to severe cardiac, hepatic, or renal insufficiency).