A Real-world Study of Immunotherapy Combination Regimens for Treating Liver Cancer in Cold Regions

Condition(s) studied

Investigational drug(s) / intervention(s)

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Immunotherapy: PD-1 inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab, camrelizumab, sintilimab) and other immune checkpoint inhibitors; PD-L1 inhibitors (e.g., atezolizumab, durvalumab, adebrelimab) and other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Targeted therapy: Lenvatinib, donafenib, sorafenib, apatinib, bevacizumab, and other targeted therapy agents. Chemotherapy: Oxaliplatin-based and other systemic chemotherapy regimens. Locoregional therapy: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), cryoablation, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and internal radiotherapy. Other regimens selected/recommended by investigators: Including but not limited to traditional Chinese medicine preparations and other antitumor therapies. Treatment options include immunotherapy alone, immunotherapy combined with targeted therapy, or immunotherapy combined with locoregional thera

Study summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common global malignancy. In China, the disease burden is substantial: HCC ranks fifth in cancer incidence and third in mortality, with a 5-year relative survival of only 14.4%. In Northeast China's cold regions, metabolic diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes are prevalent and may influence HCC prognosis. Recently, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based combination regimens (with targeted therapy, chemotherapy, or locoregional treatment) have achieved major breakthroughs, significantly extending overall and progression-free survival. These regimens have become the first-line backbone for unresectable HCC. Investigating their real-world effectiveness and safety is critical for optimizing regional treatment strategies.

Eligibility

Primary outcome measure(s)

• Overall Survival — From start of treatment to death or last follow-up, assessed up to 36 months.
  Time from initiation of immune-based combination therapy to death from any cause

Trial sites (1)

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