A Multi-modal Integrating Imaging and Cell-free DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer Early Detection (CMe-Lung): a Multi-center, Observational Study

Inclusion Criteria: * 40-74 years old * Clinically and/or pathologically diagnosed cancer * No prior or undergoing any systemic or local antitumor therapy, including but not limited to surgical resection, radiochemotherapy, endocrinotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, interventional therapy, etc. * Able to provide a written informed consent and willing to comply with all part of the protocol procedures Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy or lactating women * Known prior or current diagnosis of other types of malignancies comorbidities * Severe acute infection (e.g. severe or critical COVID-19, sepsis, etc.) or febrile illness (body temperature of ≥ 38.5 °C) within 14 days prior to screen * Recipients of organ transplant or prior bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant * Recipients of blood transfusion within 30 days prior to screen * Recipients of therapy in past 14 days prior to screen, including oral or IV antibiotics, glucocorticoid, azacitidine, decitabine, procainamide, hydrazine, arsenic trioxide * Unsuitable for this trial determined by the researchers * Low-quality samples: images only partially showing the lungs or in lateral decubitus position, unreadable due to severe motion artifacts/metal artifacts, or with missing critical metadata Inclusion Criteria for Control Arm Participants: * 40-74 years old * Without confirmed cancer diagnosis * Able to provide a written informed consent and willing to comply with all part of the protocol procedures Exclusion Criteria for Control Arm Participants: * Pregnancy or lactating women * Known prior or current diagnosis of other types of malignancies comorbidities * Severe acute infection (e.g. severe or critical COVID-19, sepsis, etc.) or febrile illness (body temperature of ≥ 38.5 °C) within 14 days prior to screen * Recipients of organ transplant or prior bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant * Recipients of blood transfusion within 30 days prior to screen * Recipients of therapy in the past 14 days prior to screen, including oral or IV antibiotics, glucocorticoid, azacitidine, decitabine, procainamide, hydrazine, arsenic trioxide * Unsuitable for this trial determined by the researchers * Low-quality samples: images only partially showing the lungs or in lateral decubitus position, unreadable due to severe motion artifacts/metal artifacts, or with missing critical metadata