No intervention: This is an observational study without any interventions.
Study summary
This study aims to optimize pediatric vaccine scheduling in China . The first objective is to gather information on current vaccine schedules in China. The second objective is to evaluate the impact of simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines on costs and vaccination rates through feedback from caregivers and vaccination staff.
Eligibility
Sex
ALL
Min age
2 Months
Max age
—
Healthy volunteers
Accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
\- For caregivers of children
* Children aged ≥2 months and ≤59 months
* Caregivers informed consent obtained For vaccination staff
* All vaccination staff currently working at the selected community health service centers or township health clinics on the day of the survey For retrospective analysis
* Children aged 5 years and under; with complete vaccination records. Complete vaccination records refer to a child having received all vaccines required by the NIP for their age group, with accurate dates recorded for each vaccination dose.
Exclusion Criteria:
\- For caregivers of children
* Caregivers who are unable to participate in the survey due to physical or other objective reasons
* Caregivers with communication barriers
* Caregivers who do not consent to participate in the survey For vaccination staff
* Vaccination staff who do not consent to participate in the survey For retrospective analysis
* Children whose vaccination records are missing or incomplete
* Children whose vaccination has been delayed or not received due to medical contraindications.
Primary outcome measure(s)
The economic value of optimized vaccination scheduling strategies — 2025.08-2025.09 This study will comprehensively collect vaccination programs for children under 6 years old in all 31 provinces of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), covering both NIP and non-NIP vaccines that are suitable for children.
The economic value of optimized vaccination scheduling strategies with simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines will be assessed using a cost-minimization and budget impact model with inputs collected in this study. The optimized vaccination scheduling strategie will be collected in this study through a literature review, a cross-sectional caregiver survey, a survey among vaccination staff, and an observational time and motion chart among the latter population.
Caregivers' willingness to simultaneous vaccination and combined vaccines — 2025.08-2025.09 To evaluate the acceptance and willingness of different vaccination strategies, the survey will collect caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and preferences on optimized vaccine scheduling strategies including simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines, as well as factors influencing their decisions , such as the vaccination status of siblings of other children and elderly family members over 60 years old. The primary outcome variable will be willingness to simultaneous vaccination and combined vaccines, assessed using a 5-point ordinal scale (from "very unwilling" to "very willing").
Immunization records and vaccination coverage — 2025.08-2025.09 Using data collected from children's immunization records, a retrospective analysis will explore how previous simultaneous vaccination behaviors affect their vaccination rate. By comparing the vaccination rates at different ages between children receiving vaccines concomitantly vs. separately and children who uses combination vaccines vs. single vaccines, the study will evaluate whether the optimized vaccine scheduling strategies including simultaneous vaccination and combination vaccines have an impact on children's vaccination coverage.
This page summarises publicly available registry data for informational purposes — not medical advice. Eligibility is determined by each study team; patients should discuss participation with their clinician.
We use cookies to analyse site traffic and improve your experience. With your consent, we may also use cookies for advertising. You can change your choice at any time.