The Jinling Cohort

Inclusion Criteria: 1、45-75 years of age; 2、Willing and able to undergo blood sample collection, health questionnaires and annual routine physical exams once a year for three consecutive years; 3、Residents in Nanjing; 4、Fully understand the study and able to provide a written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: 1. Pregnant women; 2. Individuals who have history of cancer or current diagnosis of cancer; 3. Individuals who have organ transplant or prior non-autologous (allogeneic) bone marrow or stem cell transplant; 4. Individulas who have blood transfusion within 30 days prior to the blood draw; 5. Individuals who have an acute infection or inflammation within 14 days prior to the blood draw; 6. Individuals who have taken medication with anti-tumor effects within 30 days prior to the blood draw; 7. Individuals who will not be able to comply with the protocol procedures judged by researchers